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Flag of Croatia

Croatia

Coat of Arms of Croatia
Republic of Croatia
Republika Hrvatska
Area56.542 kmq
(including 0,2% of internal water)
Population4.453.500 (2008 estimate)
Density81 ab/kmq
Official languagesCroatian
(in some Istrian municipalities also Italian)
GovernmentParliamentary republic
CapitalZagreb
PresidentStjepan Mesić
PremierIvo Sanader
CurrencyKuna, in 100 Lipa
GDP$74,419 billion (2008 estimate)
Orange-shaded: location of Croatia in Europe
 
Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a southern Central European Country at the crossroads with the Mediterranean, and Southeastern Europe. Its capital is Zagreb. Croatia borders with Slovenia and Hungary to the north, Serbia to the northeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the east, and Montenegro to the far southeast. Its southern and western flanks border the Adriatic Sea, and it also shares a sea border with Italy in the Gulf of Trieste. Croatia is a member of United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the Council of Europe, and is a candidate for membership of the European Union and has received a NATO membership invitation on 3 April 2008. On October 17, 2007 Croatia became a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council for the 2008-2009 term.

History

The Croats settled on the east coast of the Adriatic Sea and the Pannonian lands in early 7th century, forming two principalities, Dalmatia and Pannonia. The establishment of the Trpimirović dynasty ca. 850 brought strengthening to the Dalmatian Croat duchy, which became a kingdom in 925. In 1102 Croatia entered into a personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary. After the 1526 Battle of Mohács, the "reliquiae reliquiarum" of Croatia became a part of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1527. In 1918 Croatia joined the Kingdom of Serbia into a Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Kingdom of Yugoslavia). In 1941-1945 during World War II, an Axis puppet state known as the Independent State of Croatia existed. After the victory of Tito's People's Liberation Movement and the Allies, Croatia became a constitutive federal republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. In 1991 Croatia proclaimed independence by holding the first democratic elections in the country but had to fight a long and bloody war against the Serb rebels and JNA until 1995. Croatia was recognized on January 15, 1992 by the European Union and the United Nations. The first Country to recognize Croatia was Iceland on December 19, 1991.

Population

According to 2001 census, Croatia had a population of Croatian population, Data from FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) - year 2005 (thousands) 4.437.460 (estimated population in June 2006 is 4.494.749). Of the population in the census, 4.399.364 (99,14 %) had the Croatian citizenship, 44.340 (1,00 %) of which had double citizenship. 17.902 people (0,40 %) were foreign citizens, 9.811 (0,22 %) stateless people, while of 10.383 residents (0,23 %) nationality has not been ascertained.

Croatian emigration has been significant, Croatians residing abroad are over two millions, the most numerous community is that one living in U.S.A. (Hrvatska bratska zajednica). In Croatian Parliament are present some deputies representing Croatian communities living abroad (and Croats of Bosnia Erzegovina).

Demographics

Main social-demographic indicators:

Structure by age0-14 y/o: 16,2% (males 373.638/females 354.261)
15-64 y/o: 67% (males 1.497.958/females 1.515.314)
over 65 y/o: 16.8% (males 288.480/females 465.098)
Population growth rate-0,03%
Birth rate9,61 births/1.000 residents
Mortality rate11,48 deaths/1.000 residents
Net immigration rate1,58 immigrants/1.000 residents
Infant mortalitytotal: 6,72 deaths/1.000 born alive
males: 6,7 deaths/1.000 born alive
females: 6,74 deaths/1.000 born alive
Life expectancytotal: 74,68 year
males: 71,03 years
females: 78,53 years
Total fertility rate1,4 births/woman

Religions

The vast majority of the population is catholic (87,8%), followed by the ortodox (4,4%) and muslim sunnit (1,3%).

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